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Tron riot
The Tron riot was a riot which occurred in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1811–12. It took place in the city's Old Town, in the vicinity of the Tron Kirk. On the night of New Year's Eve and during the early hours of the next day, a group of young men, including the Keellie Gang, attacked and robbed wealthier passers-by.〔 One police officer was killed in the riot. Sixty-eight youths were arrested, and five were sentenced to death.〔
==Background and events==
The early nineteenth century in Edinburgh was a time of tension between residents of the city's crowded Old Town, and the wealthier inhabitants of New Town, which had been created from 1767.〔 Class divisions had become more apparent with this architectural separation.〔 Furthermore, conflicts, riots and social disorder were common throughout Scotland at that time.〔 The Old Town was inhabited by a number of gangs of young men, one group was the Keellie Gang (also known as the Niddry Gang), led by Hugh MacDonald and Hugh McIntosh.〔 Police officers had been given more powers, and this was resented, especially by the poor.〔 The petty crimes perpetrated by gangs like the Keellies were increasingly being quashed by authorities.〔
It was the tradition for New Town residents to come to the Old Town to celebrate Hogmanay in the streets around the Tron Kirk, which was the parish church at the time. After midnight, crowds would move around the area, travelling to friends' homes as part of the custom of First-Footing. According to later trial testimony, the Keellie Gang had been planning during the last weeks of 1811 to take advantage of the rich New Town Hogmanay crowds, and to attack the police at the same time.〔
On 31 December, the Keellie Gang members began attacking passers-by in the streets of the Old Town, from around 11.00 pm. Victims were surrounded by youths with wooden sticks, threatened, in some cases knocked to the ground, and robbed.〔 A member of the town watch () named Dugald Campbell was attacked by a group of the youths in Stamp Office Close, off the High Street. He was beaten with sticks and left to die. Evidently Campbell was known to the gang, and disliked by them; it was later claimed that they had planned to "give him a licking the last night of the year if they could get him."〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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